Internal-combustion engine.



C. F. BUSCHKE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1913.

Patented July 2?, 19115..

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Imwemw'bw C. F. BUSCHKE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV-1, 191a.

2 SHEETS SHEET 2.

7 2 y m o a 6 t H G t aw P IINITEU @TATFN CHARLES F. BUSCHKE, 0FMILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T0 LEON F. SNYDER, OF HOME,WISCONSIN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 2?, I915.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. BUSCHKE, a citizen of the UnitedStates,.residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of\Visconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inInternal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part thereof.

The main objects of this invention are to prevent deposit of carbon onthe working faces of the valves, and leakage and diminution ofcompression incident thereto; and generally to improve the constructionand operation of engines of this class.

It consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of parts ashereinafter particularly described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawing like characters designate the same parts inthe several figures.

Figure 1 is an axial section of a .vertical cylinder four-cycle engineembodying the invention, showing the piston valve in the position itoccupies on the suction stroke of the piston; Fig. 2 is a similarsectional view of a portion of the engine showing the piston valve inthe position it occupies on the firing and compression strokes of thepiston; Fig. 3 is a like view showing the valve in the position itoccupies on the exhaust stroke of the piston; Fig. 4 is an enlargedperspective view of one of the grid packing rings with which the pistonvalve is provided; and Fig. 5 is an axial section of the piston valve.

For the purposeof illustration the invention is shown and will bespecifically described as embodied in a vertical cylinder four-cycleengine, specially designed for using crude or heavy oil which isinjected directly into the engine cylinder on the suction strokes of thepiston, air' being ad-.

mitted to the cylinder throu h a separate port,.controlled by another vave independently of the oil supply, but certain features of theinvention are applicable to internal combustion enginesof other types.

- Referring to the drawing and particularly Fig. 1, a designates theengine cylinder of the usual or any suitable water-j acketedconstruction, b the piston and c the crank with The cylinder is formedor provided on one side with a cylindrical valve case c, mounted withthe cylinder as shown in the present instance, on a crank case f, whichconstitutes the base of the engine, and with which both the cylinder andthe valve case are in open communication at their lower ends. The valvecase is preferably wateracketed with the cylinder, as shown.

The valve case is connected with the upper end of the cylinder by a portg, and is provided on the opposite side with an exhaust port it belowthe port 9. The upper end of the valve case is closed by a head which isprovided with an inlet port 5.

A reciprocative piston valve 7' is fitted in the case 6 and controls theports 9 and h. This valve may be actuated by any suitable connectionwith the crank shaft of the en:

gine. In the present case a cam is is shown for this purpose. The cam isrotated in the direction indicated by the arrow at the rate of onerevolution to every two revolutions of the crank shaft, and engages witha roller Z carried by the lower end of the valve stem m and held by aspring 0 in contact with the cam, the stem being held in axial alinementwith the valve by a guide or guides 17 in the crank case. p The camshaft may be connected, as indicated by dotted lines on Fig. 1, with thecrank shaft, by sprocket wheels and a link belt 9, or by any othersuitable gearing.

The engine may be supplied with and operated by carbureted' air admittedthereto through the port 2', especially when gasolene or light volatilefluid fuel is used, but for using heavier grades of oil, or lessvolatile fluid fuel, the engine is provided with a special fuel supplyvalve and spraying de vice, as hereinafter. described, the requisitesupply of air for producing an explosive mixture being admitted throughthe port 71.

i The piston valve j is formed, as shown in Fig. 5, with a port rpassing obliquely through it and arranged in a certain position of thevalve, as shown in Fig. 3, to connect the cylinder port 9 with theexhaust port it.

To prevent the deposit of carbon on the working faces of the valve andvalve case,

' the valve is provided with a number of on ing frames completelysurrounding port openings 11, corresponding in shape and size with thecross sectional area of the ports 9, h and r. The valve is preferablyprovided with three of these rings, the upper two of which are eachformed with two port openings Q) on opposite sides thereof, while thelower ring has one port opening on the outer side,adapted to registerwith the cylinder and exhaust ports 9 and hof the valve case indifferent positions of the valve, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. Themiddle ring 8 is' arranged so that the port opening 1; on the inner sidethereof coincides with the inner end of the port 7-, and the lower ring8 is arranged so that the port opening won the outer side coincides withthe outer end of the port 1'.

Outside of the ports 1: the annular members t of each ring are severedobliquely between adjacent connecting members to, to render themexpansive or elastic, and to permit of their belng sprung into placeinthe grooves in the face of the valve. Being normally of slightlylarger diameter than the bore of the valve case, the rings 3 arecontracted when they are inserted therein with the valve, and tending toexpand, form and maintain tight joints between the face of the valve andthe opposing face of the valve case around the ends of the port 1* whichthey surround, and around the ports 9 and h, with which the ports 12 inthe rings register in difi'erent positions of the valve. The valve isalso preferably provided, as shown, adjacent to its upper end, with asingle or ordinary packing ring w.

For the heavier, less volatile grades of fuel, the cylinder head isprovided with a spray nozzle :12, which may be threaded therein, asshown, and is preferably formed in its outer end with two conical seatsof different angles for a valve 3 and in its inner end with smallpassages z, diverging from a point below the lower seat and opening intothe cylinder. The valve g, which has two conical faces fitting saidseats, normally closes the outer end of the passage in the spraynozzle,'being seated by a spring 2, surrounding the stem of the valveand bearing at its lower end against a collar 3 on the valve stem and atits upper end against an adjusting screw 4:, which is threaded in a yokeor bracket 5, mounted on the cylinder head. The valve stem passesthrough and is guided in the screw 4, a stufling box 6 in the cover of acylindrical case or chest 7, and a gland or sleeve 8 fitted in saidchest.

The chest 7 is formed with or mounted on the cylinder head, and thegland or sleeve 8 is formed in its periphery with a groove or channel 9,and in its lower end with av cavity 10, which is connected with thechannel 9 by a number of small passages or openings 11. The groove orchannel 9, surrounding the gland or sleeve 8, and inclosed by the caseor chest 7, forms an annular chamber which is supplied with oil througha pipe 19..

Fluid tight oints are formed between the ends of the gland or sleeve 8and the ends of the chamber in which it is fitted, by gaskets ofsuitable packing material. The cavity 10 in the lower end of said glandor sleeve forms with the outer end of the spray nozzle 42, a valvechamber to which oil is supplied through the passages or openings 11from the annular chamber 9.

The valve y may be operated by any suitable connection with the camshaft or other moving part of the engine. For this purpose a camactuated lever 13 is shown in Fig. 1. .The lever 13, formed with anopening through which the valve stem passes, is fulcrumed at one end ona bracket or arm 14, attached to the cylinder head and engages with thecollar 3. At its other end the lever 13 is pivoted to a suitably guidedreciprocating rod 15, which is provided at its lower end with a rollerworking with a cam 16 on the shaft of the cam 70, as indicated by dottedlines in Fig. 1. The lever 13 is fulcrumed on an eccentric pin 17 bymeans of which the lift or opening of the valve 1 may be adjusted asdesired.

In the operation of the engine, as the roller Z traverses the low partof the cam 76 between the points 18 and 19, the piston valve 7' movesdownward to the limit of its movement in that direction, uncovering thecylinder port 9 and establishing communication between it and the inletport as shown in Fig. 1. In this position of the valve the outer port ain the upper grid ring .9, registers with the exhaust port h of thevalve case, the annular members I? and adjacent connecting members it ofsaid ring completely surround said port and prevent leakage between itand the upper end of the valve case. The single ring in, which in thisposition of the valve is between the ports 7 and it, further insuresagainst leakage between said ports around the intervening portion of thevalve. This arrangement of the packing rings is specially advantageousin a multiple cylinder engine in which the several exhaust ports k areconnected by a manifold, because in this posi- -tion of the valve theexhaust from another cylinder is prevented not only from leaking intothe upper end of the valve case which is in open communication with thecylinder through the port 9., but also from depositing carbon on thefaces of the valve and valve case outside of the port 1; in registerwith the port it.

As the roller Z traverses that part of the cam 71; between the positionin which it is shown in Fig. 1 and the point 19, the valve j is raisedto the intermediate position in which it is shown in Fig. 2, coveringand sealing both the ports 9 and h and cutting oif communication betweenthe port 9 and the inlet port 71. In this position of the valve theinner port o of the upper ring 8 registers with the cylinder port 9, andthe outer port 'v of the middle ring 8 registers with the exhaust porth. As the roller Z- traverses that part of the cam is between the points19 and 20, the valve is held quiescent in the position in which it isshown in Fig. 2- during the compression and firing strokes of theengine.

As the roller Z traverses the high part of the cam between the points 20and 18, the valve 3' is shifted from the position in which it is shownin Fig. 2 to its extreme upper position, as shown in Fig. 3, bringingthe ends of the through port r in the valve. into register with thecylinder port 9 and the exhaust port it. In this position of the valvethe inner port 4) of the middle ring 8 registers with the cylinder portg, and the outer port 0 of the lower ring 8 registers with the port h,and said rings thus tightly close and seal the space between the facesof the valve and valve case around said ports, and efiectively preventthe deposit of carbon on said faces, the spent gases passing from thecylinder duringthe exhaust stroke of the piston from the port 9 directlythrough the port 1'' to the port h. Thus only the walls of the valveport 1 and the comparatively small portions of the face of the valvecorresponding with the port openings 1; in the middle and upper rings,are exposed to the exhaust of'the engine, and the valve which islubricated by the splash of oil from the crank case or otherwise, iskept in working order without frequent grinding. "When a heavy grade ofoil is used, it is supplied through the pipe 12 by a pump or by gravityunder sufficient pressure or head to keep the chamber 9 full. On thesuction stroke of the piston when the valve 3' is in its lower position,establishing communication between the ports 9 and i, the valve y islifted from its seat by the cam 16, and a charge of oil is sprayedthrough the divergent passages 2 into the upper end of the cylinder inthe path of the inrushing air admitted through the port g. In passingfrom the chamber9 through the small passages or openings 11 into thechamber 10, the oil is divided into small streams, and in passingbetween the upper conical face of the valve and its seat it is reducedto a thin film and is thus more readily converted into spray andvaporized in the nozzle which becomes heated by the operation of theengine. Issuing in a finely divided spray from the passages .2? into thecylinder, the oil vapor meets and is thoroughly mingled with the airentering through the port g. When lighter and more volatile grades offuel, such as gasolene, are used, the special oil supply valve 3 andspray nozzle .r may be dispensed with, the air supplied to the enginethrough the port i being carbureted in the usual or any suitable mannerbefore it enters the valve case e and is admitted therefrom under thecontrol of the valve j into the cylinder. In either case, the operationand advantages of the valve 9' as hereinbefore described, are the same.

Various changes in the details of construction and arrangement of partsmay be made without departing from the principle of the invention asdefined in the following claims.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a valve casehaving inlet, exhaust and cylinder ports, a reciprocative piston valvefitted in said case and having a through exhaust port adapted in acertain position of the valve to register with and connectthe cylinderand exhaust ports of the case, and grid rings fitted in grooves in thevalve and formed integrally with jointless packing frames whichcompletely surround the ends of the exhaust port there through.

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a valve casehaving lateral cylinder and exhaust ports out of alinement with eachother within the limits traversed by the valve and an inlet port beyondthe traverse of the valve, a reciprocative piston valve fitted in saidcase and having a through exhaust port arranged to register with andconnect the cylinder and exhaust ports, and grid rings fitted in groovesin the valve and formed with jointless packing frames completelysurrounding the ends of the exhaust port therethrough and adapted tosurround the cylinder and exhaust ports of the case when the valve isclosed on the compression and firing strokes of the engine piston.

3. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a valve caseprovided with a port, and a reciprocative piston valve fitted in said.case and provided with an expansive grid ring formed integrally with ajointless packing frame arranged to completely surround and seal saidport in a certain position of the valve.

4:. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a reciprocativepiston valve having a through port opening through its working face andspaced circumferential IIU piston valve composed of two annular membersand integral connecting members forming a ]o1ntless packing framecompletely surrounding a port opening in one slde of the ring, theannular members being severed between adjacent connecting membersoutside of the port opening.

6. In an internal combustion engine the combination ofa valve casehaving lateral cylinder and exhaust ports out of alinement with eachother transversely to the axis of the limits'traversed by the valve andWithin the valve and an inlet port at one end beyond the traverse of thevalve, and a reciprocative piston valve fitting in said case andprovided with a through exhaust port having openings at the ends out oftransverse alinement with each other and adapted to register with andconnect the cylinder and exhaust ports in one extreme position of thevalve, said valve being adapted in its other extreme position toestablish communication between said inlet and cylinder ports and in anintermediate position to close both the cylinder and exhaust ports.

In witness whereof I hereto afiix my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

CHARLES F. BUSCHKE.

Witnesses:

CHAS. L. Goss, KATE TOBIN.

